Background:
Maternal diabetes is a well-known risk factor for congenital malformations (CM). Maternal metabolic changes due to poor glycaemic control in first trimester during organogenesis is thought to be the major reason for such malformations.
Method:
A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the spectrum of CM associated with maternal diabetes in 13 neonates/fetuses known to Clinical Genetics Department in Liverpool hospital, NSW between 2001-2014.
Results:
Fetal /newborn characteristics:
Most fetuses had skeletal abnormalities (84%), while 23% had CVS. Another 23% had GIT, 15% had GUT and 7% had CNS abnormalities. Overall, 46% had malformations involving more than one system.