Poster Presentation Australian Diabetes Society and the Australian Diabetes Educators Association Annual Scientific Meeting 2014

Study of longitudinal renal function in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) (#374)

Hilary Thomson 1 , Elif Ekinci 1 2 3 , Leonid Churilov 4 5 , Richard MacIsaac 1 6 , George Jerums 1 2 , Erosha Premaratne 1 2
  1. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
  2. Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  3. Menzie's School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
  4. RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
  5. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
  6. St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

Aims
It is controversial whether the phenomenon of hyperfiltration is a maladaptive response in the development of diabetic nephropathy. We aimed to determine whether baseline measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is independently associated with the rate of decline in renal function while taking into account known risk factors for progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with T1DM.

Methods
Patients (n=142) attending Austin Health with Type 1 diabetes, who had at least two isotopic GFR (iGFR) measurements over a minimum of 4 years follow up were included in the current study. Plasma disappearance of diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) was used to calculate mGFR, using the Brochner-Mortensen (BM) correction equation. The association between baseline mGFR and the rate of decline in renal function was investigated using random-effect repeated measures linear regression, adjusted for possible cofounding variables, with the patients as a grouping variable.

Results
At baseline, median iGFR was 112.71ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 96.41-125.53). Adjusted for baseline age, the rate of decline in mGFR was significantly associated with the baseline mGFR value (p<0.0001). Baseline mGFR was grouped into quartiles: 1stquartile 60.9-96.4 ml/min/1.73m²; 2ndquartile 96.5-112.6; 3rdquartile 112.7-125.5 ml/min/1.73m², 4thquartile >125.5 ml/min/1.73m². The average decline of the 1stquartile was significantly different to the other quartile groups with higher mGFRs (Fig. 1) with an mGFR decline of 0.63 ml/min/1.73m²/year in the 1stquartile; 0.57 mls/min/1.73m²/ year in the 2ndquartile, 0.74 mls/min/1.73m²/year in the 3rdquartile and 0.99 mls/min/1.73m²/year in the 4thquartile (p<0.005 for all groups compared to the 1stquartile ).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that baseline renal function is significantly associated with the progression of diabetic renal disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Those in the 4thquartile with mGFRs greater than 125 ml/min/1.73m² had the highest decline in GFR over time, implicating a possible role of hyperfiltration in the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with T1DM. 

1719-line_gfr_vs_time_by_quartiles.jpg

Figure 1. Decline in measured GFR(mGFR) over time grouped into quartiles at baseline, 1st quartile mGFR 60.9-96.4 ml/min/1.73m²; 2ndquartile mGFR 96.5-112.6; 3rdquartile mGFR112.7-125.5 ml/min/1.73m², 4th quartile mGFR>125.5 ml/min/1.73m²